The new thickness regarding nonfatal cardiovascular incidents, such as for example myocardial infarction or coronary functions, wasn’t a real reason for censoring

Analytical Research

Participants contributed follow-up time from the return of the 1986 questionnaire up to the occurrence of a confirmed stroke, death, or January 31, 1994. Intakes of potassium and other nutrients were energy-adjusted to 2000 kcal/d. 16 Relative risks (RR) were calculated by dividing the incidence of stroke among men in each fifth of energy-adjusted potassium intake at baseline by the incidence among men in the lowest fifth of intake. Similar calculations were done for the other nutrients. We adjusted RRs for age (5-year categories) 17 and used the Mantel extension test 18 to test for linear trends. To adjust for other risk factors, we used pooled logistic regression with 2-year intervals. When the probability of an event within an interval is small, this method is equivalent to a Cox proportional-hazards analysis. 19 Multivariate models included as covariates calendar time (2-year intervals), total energy intake (continuous variable), smoking (current, past, and 1 to 14, 15 to 24, and ?25 cigarettes/d), alcohol consumption (<5, 5 to 9, 10 to 14, 15 to 29, and ?30 g/d), history of hypertension, history of hypercholesterolemia, parental history of myocardial infarction before age 65 years, profession, and quintiles of body mass index and physical activity. In these models, we evaluated monotonic trends by using the median value of each category and modeling this as a continuous variable. All P values are 2-sided. Covariates were not updated during the follow-up.

Efficiency

Throughout 323 394 individual-numerous years of realize-right up, couples looking for third we documented 328 cases of cerebrovascular accidents (fifty fatal), and additionally 210 ischemic, 70 hemorrhagic, and you can forty eight unclassified shots. Males on most useful fifth from potassium intake (together with potassium out-of medications) were less likely to want to smoking, was basically significantly more personally effective, and you can consumed less liquor, shorter fat, a whole lot more necessary protein, and a lot more micronutrients than just males at the bottom fifth (Table step one ). Comparable connections was basically found to own magnesium, fiber, and you can calcium supplements (data not revealed). The age-modified RR out-of complete stroke for males on the better 5th out-of potassium intake in contrast to those who work in the beds base 5th is 0.59 (Desk dos ). This RR try slightly attenuated by the improvement having nondietary exposure things (RR=0.62) and also by then adjustment getting intakes out-of magnesium and you will fibre (RR=0.69). The brand new associated relationships with ischemic coronary attack have been equivalent, whereas zero significant relationships was observed for hemorrhagic coronary attack (research maybe not revealed). Next adjustment for intakes regarding total pounds, proteins, saturated fat, supplement C, e vitamin, carotene, or folic acid did not materially replace the organization ranging from potassium intake and you can chance of full stroke, neither did changes to possess standard systolic and you may diastolic blood pressure or introduction towards brand of a relationships title ranging from years and you can blood pressure.

Consumption out-of fibre and you will magnesium was both inversely regarding the threat of full coronary attack in ages-modified analyses (Dining table dos ). Such associations were just moderately attenuated from the changes for nondietary risk situations, even so they had been drastically weak inside regression patterns you to on the other hand integrated potassium, magnesium, and you will soluble fiber because of the confident correlations anywhere between intakes of this type of diet (Pearson correlation coefficients was 0.65 having magnesium and you will potassium, 0.62 to own magnesium and you can dietary fiber, and you can 0.58 to own potassium and you can fiber).

None calcium supplements neither sodium consumption (analysis perhaps not revealed) is actually somewhat associated with the threat of total, ischemic, otherwise hemorrhagic stroke. Salt consumption has also been unrelated in order to intake of potassium (Pearson relationship = ?0.02) and you can was not assessed then. Since from inside the an earlier investigation an enthusiastic inverse association try claimed ranging from calcium from dairy offer and risk of coronary attack, 20 i looked at this relationships within cohort. The brand new multivariate exposure into ideal in contrast to the bottom quintile regarding milk calcium supplements consumption is 0.83 (95% CI, 0.59, 1.17) for total (Desk 2 ), 0.90 (95% CI, 0.59, 1.37) to possess ischemic, and you may 0.73 (95% CI, 0.thirty-six, step one.51) for hemorrhagic coronary attack; a minimal chance of any lead was observed in the middle quintile out of intake. And additionally, i checked-out whether the chance of heart attack are straight down certainly boys just who claimed using calcium at baseline. Brand new RR for men exactly who got ?eight hundred mg/d of extra calcium in contrast to nonusers was 0.88 having overall heart attack (95% CI, 0.60, step 1.27) and 0.83 to possess ischemic stroke (95% CI, 0.52, 1.34).